RESOURCES FOR TEACHING A GLOBAL MIDDLE AGES

Many art historians wish to retool and expand their medieval art history courses to address the wide diversity of artistic expression that characterized a global Middle Ages. This work includes considering how race and racism intersect with the ways in which we teach the deeper past and reflecting on how the fields of art history and medieval studies were developed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The resources below are intended to support those who aim to teach a history of medieval art that more fully explores, as the ICMA Mission Statement puts it, “every corner of the medieval world.” Because this list is teaching-focused, most entries are in English.

We consider these bibliographies to be a work in progress; they do not yet reach all the topics and regions envisioned, and we expect them to expand in topic as well as content. Our lists rely on recommendations from specialists in all fields, from whom new contributions and suggestions are welcome.

Click the following headings to navigate to that section:

• Race, Racism, and Anti-Racism Resources

• Global Studies and Global Theory

• Migration, Trade Routes, and Zones and Mechanisms of Exchange

• Selected Bibliography by Geographical Region

• The Global Middle Ages in Museums and Collecting

RACE, RACISM, AND ANTI-RACISM RESOURCES FOR RETHINKING THE HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL ART AND THE ETHICS OF THE CLASSROOM

Selected Anti-Racism Resources for Teaching/Teaching the Middle Ages

Academics for Black Survival and Wellness (training and resources)

Adams, M., W. J. Blumenfeld, R. Castañeda, H. W. Hackman, M. L. Peters, and X. Zuñiga, eds. Readings for diversity and social justice: An Anthology on Racism, Sexism, Anti-Semitism, Heterosexism, Classism, and Ableism (3rd ed).  New York and London: Routledge, 2013.

“Critical Race Conversations” at the Folger Shakespeare Library: https://www.folger.edu/critical-race-conversation

Dadabhoy, Ambereen, and Nedda Mehdizadeh. “Critical Race Conversations: Cultivating an Anti-Racist Pedagogy.” July 9, 2020. https://youtu.be/_4oCWst1cPc

The Endless Knot podcasts 51 and 52 on “Racism in Medieval Studies”

Everyday Orientalism (blog)

Gutierrez y Muhs, G., Y. Flores Niemann, C. G. Gonzalez, & A. P. Harris. Presumed Incompetent: The Intersections of Race and Class for Women in Academia. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado, 2012.

Hardiman, R., & B. Jackson. “Conceptual Foundations for Social Justice Courses.” In M. Adams, L. A. Bell, & P. Griffin (Eds.), Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice. London: Routledge, 1997, 23-29.

Heng, Geraldine. “Race in the European Middle Ages” (teaching essay)

https://networks.h-net.org/node/113394/discussions/1454005/teaching-essay-race-european-middle-ages.

In the Medieval Middle (blog)

Keefe, Beatrice Radden. “Portraits of Terence, the African.” In Laura Cleaver, Alixe Bovey and Lucy Donkin (eds). Illuminating the Middle Ages. Leiden: Brill, 2020, pp. 68-76.

Medievalists of Color (blog)

Moor, Eddie Jr., Ali Michael, and Marguerite W. Penick-Parks, eds. The Guide for White Women Who Teach Black Boys. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin, 2017.

The Public Medievalist Series on Race and Racism in the Middle Ages (blog)

Riordan, C. M. “Diversity is Useless without Inclusivity.”  Harvard Business Review (2014) Online: https://hbr.org/2014/06/diversity-is-useless-without-inclusivity.

Stearns, S., & E. Fraser. “Working with Affinity: The Journey of White Students and Students of Color in Anti-Racism Courses.” AFTA Monograph Series (Winter, 2010): 16-26.

Tatum, Beverly Daniel. “Talking about Race, Learning about Racism: The Application of Racial Identity Development Theory in the Classroom” Harvard Educational Review Vol. 62 No. 1 (Spring 1992): 1-24. Online: https://www.racialequitytools.org/resourcefiles/Talking%20about%20Racetatum.pdf

TEAMS (Teaching Association for Medieval Studies) on Race, Racism, and the Middle Ages (lesson resource page)

Selected Works on Race, Racism, and Otherness in the Middle Ages, Emphasizing Medieval Visual and Material Culture

For a wider snapshot (to 2017) of scholarship on in multiple medieval studies disciplines, see Hsy, Jonathan, and Julie Orlemanski,“Race and Medieval Studies: A Partial Bibliography” postmedieval: a journal of medieval cultural studies (2017). 8, 500-531. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41280-017-0072-0

Albin, Andrew, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, and Nina Rowe, eds. Whose Middle Ages? Teachable Moments for an Ill-Used Past. New York: Fordham University Press, 2019.

Bindman, David, and Henry Louis Gates Jr., eds. The Image of the Black in Western Art. Vol. 2, From the Early Christian Era to the “Age of Discovery.” New ed, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2010.

Bleeke, Marian. “Ivory and Whiteness.” Different Visions: New Perspectives on Medieval Art 6 (2020): 1-23

Burke, Peter. “Hosts and Guests: A General View of Minorities in the Cultural Life of Europe.” In Minorities in Western European Cities (Sixteenth-Twentieth Centuries), edited by Hugo Soly and Alfons K. L. Thijs, 43-54. Brussels: Brepols, 1995.

Caviness, Madeline. “From the Self Invention of the Whiteman in the Thirteenth Century to The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.” Different Visions: A Journal of New Perspectives on Medieval Art 1 (2008): 57-81.

Eisenbeiss, Anja, and Lieselotte Saurma Jeltsch. Images of Otherness in Medieval and Early Modern Times: Exclusion, Inclusion, Assimilation. Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2012.

Eliav-Feldon, Miriam, Benjamin Isaac, and Joseph Ziegler, eds. The Origins of Racism in the West. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Frojmovic, Eva, and Catherine E. Karkov, eds. Postcolonising the Medieval Image. London: Routledge, 2017.

Hussein Fancy, “Epilogue: Medievalism and Secularism.” In The Mercenary Mediterranean: Sovereignty, Religion, And Violence in the Medieval Crown of Aragon, 140-152. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2016.

Heng, Geraldine. The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2018.

Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies (Special issue: “Race and Ethnicity in the Middle Ages”) 31, no. 1 (2001).

Jung, Jacqueline. “Reflections on Africans in Gothic Sculpture: Part 1” Yale University Press Blog, July 21, 2020.
Jung, Jacqueline. “Reflections on Africans in Gothic Sculpture: Part 2” Yale University Press Blog, September 10, 2020.
Jung, Jacqueline. “Reflections on Africans in Gothic Sculpture: Part 3” (Forthcoming).

Karkov, Catherine, Anna Kłosowska, and Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei, eds. Disturbing Times: Medieval Pasts, Reimagined Futures. Punctum Books, 2020. Online: https://punctumbooks.com/titles/disturbing-times-medieval-pasts-reimagined-futures/

Kaufman, Amy S. “Purity.” In Medievalism: Key Critical Terms, edited by Elizabeth Emery and Richard Utz, 199-206. Cambridge, UK: D.S. Brewer, 2014.

Kłosowska, Anna. “Muhammad ibn al-Zain’s Basin (Baptistère de Saint Louis).” Literature Compass 16, nos. 9-10 (2019): n.p. https://doi.org/10.1111/lic3.12546

Lindquist, Sherry C.M., and Asa Simon Mittman, Medieval Monsters: Terrors, Aliens, Wonders. Exh. cat. New York: Morgan Library & Museum, 2018.

Mellinkoff, Ruth. Outcasts: Signs of Otherness in Northern European Art of the Late Middle Ages. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

Ruggles, D. Fairchild. “Mothers of a Hybrid Dynasty: Race, Genealogy, and Acculturation in al-Andalus.” Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 34, no.1 (2004): 65-94.

Strickland, Debra Higgs. Saracens, Demons, and Jews: Making Monsters in Medieval Art. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.

Strickland, Debra Higgs. “Monstrosity and Race in the Late Middle Ages.” In Ashgate Research Companion to Monsters and the Monstrous, edited by Asa S. Mittman with Peter J. Dendle, 365-386. Farnham, UK: Ashgate, 2012.

GLOBAL STUDIES AND GLOBAL THEORY

 Abu-Lughod, Janet. Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. Revised ed. New York: Verso, 2006.

Andrews, Tarren. "Indigenous Futures and Medieval Pasts: An Introduction," English Language Notes 1 October 2020; 58 (2): 1–17.

Appadurai Arjun. “The Globalisation of Archaeology and Heritage: a discussion with Arjun Appadurai.” Journal of Social Archaeology 1, no. 1 (1999/2001): 35-49.

Bahrani, Zainab, Jas Elsner, Rosemary Joyce, Jeremy Tanner, and Wu Hung. “Questions on ‘World Art History’.” Perspective (2014): 211-224.

Blair, Sheila S., and Jonathan M. Bloom. “The Mirage of Islamic Art: Reflections on the Study of an Unwieldy Field.” The Art Bulletin 85, no. 1 (2003): 152-184.

Cheng, Bonnie. “Re-Assessing the Global Turn in Medieval Art History.” The Medieval Globe 3, no. 2 (2017): 11­-34.

Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. “Introduction: Midcolonial.” In The Postcolonial Middle Ages, edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen, 1-17. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

Eastmond, Antony. “Art and the Periphery.” In The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies, edited by Robin Cormack, John F. Haldon, and Elizabeth Jeffreys, 770-776. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Elkins, James. “Why Art History is Global.” In Globalization and Contemporary Art, edited by Jonathan Harris, 375-386. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

Juneja, Monica. “Global Art History and the Burden of Representation.” In Global Studies, edited by Hans Belting, Jakob Birken, and Andrea Buddensieg, 274-297. Stuttgart: Hatje Cantz, 2011.

Keene, Bryan C., ed. Toward a Global Middle Ages: Encountering the World through Illuminated Manuscripts. Exh. cat. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, August 2019.

Kinoshita, Sharon. “Deprovincializing the Middle Ages.” In The Worlding Project: Doing Cultural Studies in the Era of Globalization, edited by Rob Wilson and Christopher Leigh Connery, 75-89. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books, 2007.

Mazrui, Ali Al’Amin. “The Re-Invention of Africa: Edward Said, V. Y. Mudimbe, and Beyond.” Research in African Literatures 36, no. 3 (Fall 2005): 68-82.

Nelson, Robert S. “Living on the Byzantine Borders of Western Art.” Gesta 35, no. 1 (1996): 3-11.

Global Middle Ages (website aggregating a range of projects in global medieval studies)

“The Global Middle Ages,” Special Issue of Past & Present 238, supp. 13 (November 2018).

“Reassessing the Global Turn in Medieval Art History,” ed. Christina Normore. Special issue of The Medieval Globe 3, no. 2 (9017).

Walker, Alicia Wilcox. “Globalism.” Studies in Iconography 33 (2012): 183-196. http://repository.brynmawr.edu/hart_pubs

MIGRATION, TRADE ROUTES, AND ZONES AND MECHANISMS OF EXCHANGE

Sources on broad transregional and transcultural exchange.

Special Issue on Ivory, Curator: The Museum Journal 61, no. 1 (Jan. 2018)

Arnold, Lauren. Princely Gifts and Papal Treasures: The Franciscan Mission to China and its Influence on the Art of the West 1250-1350. San Francisco: Desiderata Press, 1999.

Baadj, Amar. “The Political Context of the Egyptian Gold Crisis during the Reign of Saladin.” The International Journal of African Historical Studies 47, no. 1 (2014): 121-138.

Berzock, Kathleen Bickford, ed. Caravans of Gold, Fragments in Time: Art, Culture, and Exchange across Medieval Saharan Africa. Exh. cat. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2019.

Blier, Suzanne. “Imaging Otherness in Ivory: African Portrayals of the Portuguese ca. 1492.” The Art Bulletin 75, no. 3 (September 1993): 375-396.

Canepa, Matthew. “Theorizing Cross-Cultural Interaction among Ancient and Early Medieval Visual Cultures.” Ars Orientalis 38 (2010): 7-29.

Cutler, Anthony. “Significant Gifts: Patterns of Exchange in Late Antique, Byzantine, and Early Islamic Diplomacy.” Journal of Medieval & Early Modern Studies 38, no. 1 (2008): 79-101.

Dunlop, Anne. “Artistic Contact between Italy and Mongol Eurasia: State of the Field.” Ewha Sahak Yeongu [Bulletin of the Ewha Institute of History] 12 (2018): 1-36.

Flood, Finbar B. “The Medieval Trophy as an Art Historical Trope: Coptic and Byzantine ‘Altars’ in Islamic Contexts.” Muqarnas 18 (2001): 41-72.

Fromherz, Allen James. The Near West: Medieval North Africa, Latin Europe and the Mediterranean in the Second Axial Age. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016.

Guérin, Sarah A. “Exchange of Sacrifices: West Africa in the Medieval World of Goods, c. 1300,” The Medieval Globe, special issue on A World within Worlds? Reassessing the “Global Turn” in Medieval Art History, eds. Christina Normore 3.2 (2017): 97–124. 

Guérin, Sarah A. “Forgotten Routes: Italy, Ifrīqiya, and the trans-Saharan Ivory Trade,”Al-Masāq, Journal of the Medieval Mediterranean 25, no.1 (April 2013): 71–92.

Haas, Christopher. “Mountain Constantines: The Christianization of Aksum and Iberia.” Journal of Late Antiquity 1, no. 1 (Spring, 2008): 101-126.

Hilsdale, Cecily. “Translatio and Objecthood: The Cultural Agendas of Two Greek Manuscripts at Saint-Denis,” Gesta 56, no. 2 (2017): 151-178.

Hilsdale, Cecily. “The Imperial Image at the End of Exile: The Byzantine Embroidered Silk in Genoa and the Treaty of Nymphaion (1261),” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 64 (2010): 151-199.

Hilsdale, Cecily, “Worldliness in Byzantium and Beyond: Reassessing the Visual Networks of the Greek Barlaam and Ioasaph,” The Medieval Globe 3, no. 2 (2017): 57­­-96.

Hoffman, Eva R. “Pathways of Portability: Islamic and Christian Interchange from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century.” In Late Antique and Medieval Art of the Mediterranean, edited by Eva Hoffman, 317-349. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Hourihane, Colum, ed. Interactions: Artistic Interchange Between the Eastern and Western Worlds in the Medieval Period. Index of Christian Art, Occasional Papers. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 2007.

Hunt, Lucy-Anne. Byzantium, Eastern Christendom, and Islam: Art at the Crossroads of the Medieval Mediterranean. 2 vols. London: Pindar, 2000.

Hunt, Lucy-Anne. “Eastern Christian Art and Culture in the Ayyubid and Early Mamluk Periods: Cultural Convergence between Jerusalem, Greater Syria and Egypt.” In Ayyubid Jerusalem: The Holy City in Context 1187-1250, edited by Robert Hillenbrand and Sylvia Auld, 327-347. London: Altajir Trust, 2009.

Keshani, Hussein. “The ‘Abbāsid Palace of Theophilus: Byzantine Taste for the Arts of Islam,” Al-Masaq vol. 16, no. 1 (2004): 75-91.

Klein, Holger. “Eastern Objects and Western Desires: Relics and Reliquaries between Byzantium and the West,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 58 (2004): 283­-314.

Krätli, Graziano, and Ghislaine Lydon. The Trans-Saharan Book Trade: Manuscript Culture, Arabic Literacy and Intellectual History in Muslim Africa. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2011.

Luyster, Amanda. “The Conversion of Kalila and Dimna: Raymond de Béziers, Religious Experience, and Translation at the Fourteenth-Century French Court.” Gesta 56, no. 1 (2017): 81-104.

Nelson, Robert S. “Letters and Language: Ornament and Identity in Byzantium and Islam.” In The Experience of Islamic Art on the Margins, edited by Irene A. Bierman, 61-91. Reading, UK: Ithaca Press, 2005.

Nelson, Robert S. “Byzantine Icons in Genoa before the Mandylion.” In Intorno al Sacro Volto. Genova, Sianzio e il. Mediterraneo (secoli XI-XIV), edited by Anna Rosa Calderoni Masetti, Colette Dufour Bozzo, and Gerhard Wolf, 79-92. Florence: Marsilio, 2007.

Martin Jansson’s Map of Medieval Trade Routes

Peacock, Andrew C. S., “Black Sea trade and the Islamic world down to the Mongol period.” In The Black Sea: Past, Present and Future, edited by Gülden Erkut and Stephen Mitchell, 65-72. London: British Institute at Ankara and Istanbul: Istanbul Technical University, 2007.

Prazniak, Roxann. “Siena on the Silk Roads: Ambrogio Lorenzetti and the Mongol Global Century, 1250-1350.” Journal of World History 21 (2010).

Pruitt, Jennifer. “Method in Madness: Recontextualizing the Destruction of Churches in the Fatimid Era.” Muqarnas 30 (2013): 119-139.

Prussin, Labelle. “Judaic Threads in the West African Tapestry: No More Forever?” The Art Bulletin 88, no. 2 (Jun., 2006): 328-353.

Jennifer Purtle, “The Far Side: Expatriate Medieval Art and Its Languages in Mongol China,” Medieval Encounters 17 (2011): 167-197.

Schäfer, Dagmar, Giogrio Riello, and Luca Molà, eds. Threads of Global Desire: Silk in the Pre-Modern World. Woodbridge, UK and Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 2018.

Seland, Eivind Heldaas. “Trade and Christianity in the Indian Ocean during Late Antiquity.” Journal of Late Antiquity 5, no. 1 (Spring 2012): 72-86.

Tanaka, Hidemichi. “Oriental Scripts in the paintings of Giotto’s period.” Gazette des Beaux-Arts 113 (1989): 214-26.

Walker, Alicia. “Cross-Cultural Reception in the Absence of Texts: The Islamic Appropriation of a Middle Byzantine Rosette Casket.” Gesta 47, no. 2 (2008): 99-122.

Walker, Alicia. “Meaningful Mingling: Classicizing Imagery and Islamicizing Script in a Byzantine Bowl,” Art Bulletin 90, no. 1 (2008): 32-53.

Walker, Alicia. “Middle Byzantine Aesthetics and the Incomparability of Islamic Art: The Architectural Ekphraseis of Nikolaos Mesarites,” Muqarnas 27 (2010): 79-101.

Weinryb, Ittai. “Hildesheim Avant-Garde: Bronze, Columns, and Colonialism.” Speculum 93, no. 3 (July 2018): 729-782.

Woodfin, Warren, Renata Holod, and Yuriy Rassamakin, “Foreign Vesture and Nomadic Identity on the Black Sea Littoral in the Early Thirteenth Century: Costume from the Chungul Kurgan,”  Ars Orientalis 38 (2010), pp. 153-184.

Yakou, Hisashi. “Memory without Mementos: Franciscan Missions and Ambrogio Lorenzetti’s frescoes in Siena.” The Annual Report on Cultural Sciences 119 (2006): 1-14.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGION

This section emphasizes regions beyond those traditionally at the center of medieval art surveys (e.g. British Isles, France, German lands, imperial Byzantine center), and is intended to guide instructors as they conceptualize courses that consider the Middle Ages in global terms. Some regions, notably south and east Asia, are still to be added and/or expanded. 

Basic bibliography for many regions listed here also can be found in the online Oxford Bibliographies in Art History.

Africa: Egypt, Nubia, and North Africa

Adams, W.Y. “Nubian Church architecture and Nubian church decoration.” Acts Geneva (1990): 317-326.

Badamo, Heather. “Depicting Religious Combat in the Thirteenth-Century Program at the Monastery of St. Anthony at the Red Sea.” Gesta 58, no. 2 (2019): 157-181.

Bagnall, Roger S., ed. Egypt in the Byzantine World, 300–700. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Bolman, Elizabeth S., ed. Monastic Visions: Wall Paintings in the Monastery of St. Antony at the Red Sea. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.

Bolman, Elizabeth. “Veiling Sanctity in Christian Egypt: Visual and Spatial Solutions.”  In Thresholds of the Sacred: Architectural, Art Historical, Liturgical, and Theological Perspectives on Religious Screens, East and West, edited by Sharon E. J. Gerstel, 73-104. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2006.

Bolman, Elizabeth S., ed. The Red Monastery Church: Beauty and Asceticism in Upper Egypt. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016.

Bowker, Sam. The Egyptian Tentmakers and the Art of Khayamiya 

Brooks-Hedstrom, Darlene. Monastic Landscapes of Late Antique Egypt: An Archaeological Reconstruction. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2017.

Burstein, Stanley M. “When Greek Was an African Language: The Role of Greek Culture in Ancient and Medieval Nubia.” Journal of World History 19, no. 1 (Mar. 2008): 41-61.

Delpont, Éric, ed. L’art copte en Égypte: 2000 ans de christianisme; Exposition présentée à l’Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris, du 15 mai au 3 septembre 2000 et au Musée de l’Ephèbe au Cap d’Agde, du 30 septembre 2000 au 7 janvier 2001. Paris: Institut du Monde Arabe, 2000.

Falck, Martin von, ed. Ägypten, Schätze aus dem Wüstensand: Kunst und Kultur der Christen am Nil. Exh. cat. Wiesbaden, Germany: Reichert, 1996.

Gabra, Gawdat, and Marianne Eaton-Krauss. The Treasures of Coptic Art in the Coptic Museum and Churches of Old Cairo. Cairo and New York: American University in Cairo Press, 2006.

Gawdat Gabra, Coptic Civilization: Two Thousand Years of Christianity in Egypt. Cairo and New York: A Saint Mark Foundation Book and American University in Cairo Press, 2014.

Grossmann, Peter. “Christian Nubia and Its Churches.” Online at http://www.numibia.net/nubia/christian.htm.

Hunt, Lucy-Anne. “Christian-Muslim Relations in Painting in Egypt of the Twelfth to Mid-Thirteenth Centuries: Sources of Wallpainting at Deir es-Suriani and the Illustration of the New Testament MS Paris Copte-Arabe 1/Cairo, Bibl. 94.” Cahiers Archéologiques 33 (1985): 111-155.

Hunt, Lucy-Anne. “Christian Art in Greater Syria and Egypt: A Triptych of the Ascension with Military Saints Reattributed.” Al-Masaq: Islam and the Medieval Mediterranean 12 (2000): 1-36.

Innemée, K. C. “Iconic and narrative images in Nubian wall-painting.” Nubian Letters 13 (1989): 6-10.

Innemée, K. C. “Observations on the system of Nubian church decoration.” Acts Lille (1995): 279-287.

Lyster, William. The Cave Church of Paul the Hermit at the Monastery of St. Paul in Egypt. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.

Makowski, Piotr. “The Holy Trinity in Nubian Art.” Dongola 2012-2014: Fieldwork Conservations and Site Management (2015): 293-308.

Martens-Czarnecka, M. “Late Christian Painting in Nubia.” In Études nubiennes: conference de Genève, edited by C. Bonnet, 307-316. Geneva: J.G. Cecconi, 1992.

Martens-Czarnecka, M. “Certain Common Aspects of Ethiopian and Nubian painting.” Nubica et Aethiopica 4/5 (1999): 551-564.

Martens-Czarnecka, M. The Wall Paintings from the Monastery on Kom H in Dongola. Warsaw: Archeobooks, 2011.

Martens-Czarnecka, M. “Iconography of Jesus Christ in Nubian Painting.” EtTrav 25 (2012): 241-252.

McKenzie, Judith, Julia McKenzie, and Rhys-Davids. The Architecture of Alexandria and Egypt, c. 300 B.C. to A.D. 700. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007.

Moorsel, P.P.V. Called to Egypt: Collected Studies on Painting in Christian Egypt. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut Voor Het Nabije Oosten, 2000.

O'Kane, Bernard. The Khanqah of Baybar al-Jashinkir, 1306-1310 

Pruitt, Jennifer A. Building the Caliphate: Construction, Destruction, and Sectarian Identity in Early Fatimid Architecture. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2020.

Pruitt, Jennifer. The Al-Aqmar Mosque

Skalova, Zuzana, and Gawdat Gabra. Icons of the Nile Valley. 2d ed. Cairo: Egyptian International Publishing, 2006.

Scholz, P.O. “The Iconographic Programme of the Faras Cathedral: Some Marginal Remarks Concerning Professor K. Weitzmann’s Theory.” EtTrav 8 (1975): 296-299.

Snelders, Bas, and Mat Immerzeel, “The Thirteenth Century Flabellum from Deir al-Surian in the Musée de Mariemont (Morlanwelz, Belgium).” Eastern Christian Art 1 (2004): 113-139.

Thomas, Thelma K. “Egyptian Art in Late Antiquity.” In A Companion to Ancient Egypt, Vol. 2, edited by A. Lloyd, 1032-1064. Malden, MA and Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2010.

Thomas, Thelma K., ed. Designing Identity: The Power of Textiles in Late Antiquity. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016.

Weitzmann, Kurt. Some Remarks on the Sources of the Fresco Painting of the Cathedral of Faras. Recklinghausen: Bongers, 1970.

Welsbey, Derek A. The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia: Pagans, Christians and Muslims on the Middle Nile. London: The British Museum Press, 2002.

Ziadé, Raphaëlle. Chrétiens d’Orient: 2000 Ans d’Histoire. Paris: Institut du Monde Arabe, 2017.

Africa: Ethiopia and East

Bosc-Tiessé, Claire. Les îles de la mémoire: fabrique des images et écriture de l’histoire dans les églises du Lac Ṭānā, Éthiopie, XVIIe-XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 2008.

Bosc-Tiessé, Claire, and Anais Wion. Peintures sacrées D’ethiopie: collection de la Mission Dakar-Djibouti. St-Maur-des-Fossés: Sépia, 2005.

Chojnacki, Stanislaw. Major themes in Ethiopian Painting: Indigenous Developments, the Influence of Foreign Models and Their Adaptation from 13th to the 19th century. Wiesbaden: F. Steiner, 1983.

Chojnacki, Stanislaw, and Carolyn Gossage. Ethiopian Crosses: a Cultural History and Chronology. Milan: Skira, 2006.

Derat, Marie-Laure. “The Zagwe dynasty (11-13th centuries) and King Yemrehanna Krestos.” Annales d’Éthiopia 25 (2010): 157-196.

Derat, Marie-Laure. Le Domaine des rois éthiopiens, 1270-1527: espace, pouvoir et monarchisme. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 2003.

Gnisci, Jacopo. “Illuminated Leaves from an Ethiopic Gospel Book in the Newark Museum and in the Walters Art Museum.” Manuscript Studies: A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies 3, no. 2 (2018): 357-382.

Heldman, Marilyn. The Marian Icons of the Painter Fre Seyon: A Study of Fifteenth-Century Ethiopian Art, Patronage, and Spirituality. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1994.

Heldman, Marilyn. “An Ewostathian Style and the Gunda Gunde Style in Fifteenth-Century Ethiopian Manuscript Illumination.” In International Conference on the History of Ethiopian Art, sponsored by the Royal Asiatic Society; held at the Warburg Institute of the University of London, October 21-22, 1986, 5-14, 135-139. London: Pindar Press, 1989.

Heldman, Marilyn. “An Early Gospel Frontispiece in Ethiopia.” Konsthistorisk Tidskrift 48 (1979): 107-121.

Heldman, Marilyn. “St. Luke as Painter: Post-Byzantine Icons in Early-Sixteenth-Century Ethiopia.” Gesta 64 (2005): 125-148.

Heldman, Marilyn, and Stuart C. Munro-Hay. African Zion: The Sacred Art of Ethiopia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.

Horowitz, Deborah E., ed. Ethiopian Art: The Walters Art Museum. Lingfield, Surrey: Third Millenium, 2001.

Kelly, Samantha. “Heretics, Allies, Exemplary Christians: Latin Views of Ethiopian Orthodox in the Late Middle Ages.” In Late Medieval Heresy: New Perspectives : Studies In Honor Of Robert E. Lerner, edited by Michael D. Bailey and Sean L. Field, 195-214. Rochester, NY: York Medieval Press, 2018.

McKenzie, Judith S., and Francis Watson. The Garima Gospels: Early Illuminated Gospel Books from Ethiopia. Oxford: Manar al-Athar, 2016.

Mercier, Jacques, and Claude Lepage. Lalibela, Wonder of Ethiopia: The Monolithic Churches and their Treasures. London: Ethiopian Heritage Fund, 2012.

Phillipson, David W. Ancient Churches of Ethiopia. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2009.

Phillipson, David W. Foundations of an African Civilization: Aksum and the Northern Horn, 1000 BC–AD1300. Woodbridge, Suffolk and New York: James Currey, 2012.

Tamrat, Taddesse. Church and State in Ethiopia, 1270-1527. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972.

Africa: Southern

Hall, R. N. “The Great Zimbabwe.” Journal of the Royal African Society (1905): 295-300.

Garlake, Peter. “Great Zimbabwe and the Southern African Interior.” Early Art and Architecture of Africa (2002): 141-165.

Huffman, Thomas. “Debating Great Zimbabwe.” South African Archaeological Journal (2011): 27-40.

Fontein, Joost. “Silence, Destruction and Closure at the Great Zimbabwe: Local Narratives of Desecration and Alienation.” Journal of South African Studies 34, no. 4 (Dec. 2006): 771-794.

Africa: West and Central

Bourgeois, Jean Louis. “The History of the Great Mosques of Djenne.” African Arts 20, no. 3 (May 1987): 54-63, 90-92.

Coombes, Annie E. S. “Material Culture at the Crossroads of Knowledge: The Case of the Benin ‘Bronzes’.” In Reinventing Africa: Museums, Material Culture and Popular Imagination in late Victorian and Edwardian England. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.

Gomez, Michael A. African Dominion: A New History of Empire in Early and Medieval West Africa. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018.

LaGamma, Alisa. Kongo: Power and Majesty. Exh. Cat. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2015.

Levtzion, N. “The Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century Kings of Mali.” The Journal of African History 4, no. 3 (1963): 341-353.

Singleton, Brent D. “African Bibliophiles: Books and Libraries in Medieval Timbuktu.” Libraries and Culture 39, no. 1 (2004): 1-12.

Shuriye, Abdi O., and Ibrahim, Dauda Sh. “Timbuktu Civilization and its Significance in Islamic History.” Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 11 (October 2013): 696–704. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n11p696

Anatolia and the Southern Caucasus

Angold, Michael, “Byzantium after the Fourth Crusade: Byzantium in exile.” In The New Cambridge Medieval History. 5 vols., edited by David Abulafia, 5: 543-568. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Anderson, Benjamin. “The Complex of Elvan Çelebi: Problems in Fourteenth-Century Architecture.” Muqarnas 31 (2014): 73-97.

Arık, Rüçhan. “Tiles in Anatolian Seljuk Palace Architecture.” In Tiles: Treasures of Anatolian Soil: Tiles of the Seljuk and Beylik Periods, edited by Rüçhan Arık and Olus Arık, 219-398. Istanbul: Kaleseramic, 2008.

Çağaptay, Suna, “Frontierscape: Reconsidering Bithynian Structures and their Builders on the Byzantine-Ottoman Cusp.” Muqarnas 28 (2011): 157-193.

Eastmond, Antony. “Other Encounters: Popular Belief and Cultural Convergence in Anatolia and the Caucasus.” In Islam and Christianity in Anatolia and the Caucasus, edited by A.C.S. Peacock, B. de Nicola, and S.N. Yıldız, 183-213. (Burglington, VT: Ashgate, 2015).

Eastmond, Antony. Art and Identity in Thirteenth-Century Byzantium: Hagia Sophia and the Empire of Trebizond. Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Monographs, vol. 10. Aldershot, and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2004.

Fetvacı, Emine. Ottoman Illustrated Histories

Foletti, Ivan, and Erik Thunø, eds. The Medieval South Caucasus: Artistic Cultures of Albania, Armenia and Georgia. With the collaboration of Adrien Palladino. Turnhout: Brepols, 2016.

Gruber, Christiane and Paroma Chaterjee. Hagia Sophia, A Conversation.

Ousterhout, Robert G. “The East, the West, and the Appropriation of the Past in Early Ottoman Architecture.” Gesta 43, no. 2 (2004): 165-176.

Ousterhout, Robert G. “Ethnic Identity and Cultural Appropriation in Early Ottoman Architecture.” Muqarnas 12 (1995): 48-62.

Pancaroğlu, Oya. “Architecture, Landscape, and Patronage in Bursa: The Making of an Ottoman Capital City.” Turkish Studies Association Bulletin 20, no. 1 (1995): 40-55.

Pancaroglu, Oya. “The Itinerant Dragon-Slayer: Forging Paths of Image and Identity in Medieval Anatola.” Gesta 43, no. 2 (2004): 151-164.

Pancaroğlu, Oya. “‘What Have You Done for Anatolia Today?’: Islamic Archaeology in the Early Years of the Turkish Republic.” Muqarnas 24 (2007): 243-252.

Pancaroğlu, Oya. “The Mosque-Hospital Complex at Divriği: A History of Relations and Transitions.” Anadolu ve Çevresinde Ortaçağ 3 (2009): 169-198.

Pancaroğlu, Oya. “A Fin-de-Siècle Reconnaissance of Seljuk Architecture in Anatolia: Friedrich Sarre and his Reise in Kleinasien.” In Scramble for the Past: A Story of Archaeology in the Ottoman Empire, 1753-1914, edited by Zainab Bahrani, Zeynep Çelik, and Edhem Eldem, 399-416. Istanbul: SALT, 2011.

Redford, Scott. “The Seljuqs of Rum and the Antique.” Muqarnas 10 (1993): 148-156.

Redford, Scott. “City Building in Seljuq Rum.” In The Seljuqs—Politics, Society and Culture, edited by Christian Lange and Songül Mecit, 256-276. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011.

Redford, Scott. “Portable Palaces: On the Circulation of Objects and Ideas about Architecture in Medieval Anatolia and Mesopotamia.” Medieval Encounters 18 (2012): 382­-412.

Shukurov, Rustam, “Harem Christianity: The Byzantine Identity of Seljuk Princes.” In The Seljuks of Anatolia—Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East, edited by Andrew C. S. Peacock and Sara Nur Yıldız, 115-150. London: I.B. Tauris, 2013.

Taner, Melis. Contextualizing the Hünername (Book of Talents) 

Walker, Alicia. “The Beryozovo Cup: A Byzantine Object at the Crossroads of Twelfth-Century Eurasia.” The Medieval Globe 3, no. 2 (2017): 125-148.

Wolper, Ethel Sara. “Khidr, Elwan Celebi, and the Conversion of Sacred Sanctuaries in Anatolia.” The Muslim World 90, no. 3/4 (2000): 309-322.

Uyar, Tolga B. “Thirteenth-Century Byzantine Art in Cappadocia and the Question of Greek Painters at the Seljuk Court.” In Islam and Christianity in Medieval Anatolia, edited by A.C.S. Peacock, Bruno de Nicola and Sara Nur Yildiz, 215-232. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2015.

Yalman, Suzan. “ ‘Ala al-Din Kayqubad Illuminated: A Rum Seljuq Sultan as Cosmic Ruler.” Muqarnas 29 (2012): 151-186.

Albania, Armenia, and Georgia

Der Nersessian, Sirarpie. Armenian Art. Translated by Sheila Bourne and Angela O’Shea. London: Thames and Hudson, 1978.

Eastmond, Antony. “Textual Icons: Viewing Inscriptions in Medieval Georgia.” In Viewing Inscriptions in the Late Antique and Medieval World, edited by Antony Eastmond, 76-98. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2015.

Eastmond, Antony. Tamta’s World: The Life and Encounters of a Medieval Noblewoman from the Middle East to Mongolia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2017.

Eastmond, Antony, and Zaza Skhirtladze. “Udabno Monastery in Georgia: Innovation, Conservation and the Reinterpretation of Medieval Art.” In Iconographica. Rivista di Iconografia medieval e moderna, 23-43. Florence: Galluzzo, 2008.

Evans, Helen C. “Armenian Art Looks West: Toros Roslin’s Zeytun Gospels.” In Treasures in Heaven: Armenian Art, Religion, and Society, edited by Thomas F. Matthews and Roger S. Wieck, 103-114. New York: Pierpont Morgan Library, 1998.

Evans, Helen C. Armenia: Art, Religion, and Trade in the Middle Ages. Exh. Cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2018.

Ghazarian, Armen, and Robert Ousterhout. “A Muqarnas Drawing from Thirteenth-Century Armenia and the Use of Architectural Drawings during the Middle Ages.” Muqarnas 18 (2001): 141-154.

Kazaryan, Armen [Ghazarian, Armen]. “The Zhamatun of Horomos: The Shaping of an Unprecedented Type of Fore-church Hall.” Funūn - Transkulturelle Perspektiven 3 (2014): 1-14. http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/kunsttexte/2014-3/kazaryan-armen-4/PDF/kazaryan.pdf

Kouymjian, Dickran. “Chinese Elements in Armenian Miniature Painting in the Mongol Period.”  In Armenian Studies: In Memoriam Haig Berbérian, edited by Dickran Kouymjian, 415-468. Lisbon: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, 1986.

Maranci, Christina. “Building Churches in Armenia: Art at the Borders of Empire and the Edge of the Canon.” The Art Bulletin 88, no. 4 (2006): 656-675.

Maranci, Christina. “Byzantium through Armenian Eyes: Cultural Appropriation and the Church of Zuart’noc’.” Gesta 40, no. 2 (2001): 105-124.

Maranci, Christina. “Locating Armenia.” Medieval Encounters 17, no. 1-2 (2011): 147-166.

Maranci, Christina. Medieval Armenian Architecture: Constructions of Race and Nation. Louvain: Peeters, 2001.

Mathews, Thomas F., and Roger S. Wieck. Treasures in Heaven: Armenian Illuminated Manuscripts. Exh. cat. New York: Pierpont Morgan Library, 1994.

Peers, Glenn. “Art and Identity in an Amulet Roll from Fourteenth-Century Trebizond.” Church History and Religious Culture 89, no. 1 (2009): 153-178.

Thierry, Jean-Michel, and Patrick Donabédian. Armenian Art. Translated by Célestine Dars. New York: H. N. Abrams, 1989.

Watenpaugh, Heghnar Zeitlian. “Preserving the Medieval City of Ani: Cultural Heritage between Contest and Reconciliation.” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 73, no. 4 (December 2014): 528-555.

Balkan Peninsula

Babić, V. The Frescoes of the Church of St Michael at Ston. Belgrade, Balkanolośki institut SANU; Trebinje: Eparhija zahumsko-hercegovačka i priimorska Vidoslov izdavštvo, 2015. (in Serbian with an English summary).

Ćurčić, Slobodan. Architecture in the Balkans from Diocletian to Süleyman the Magnificent. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2010.

Gabelić, S. Čelopek. The Church of St Nicholas (Fourteenth and Nineteenth Centuries). Belgrade; Filozofski fakultet uBeogradu, Institut za istorijuumetnosti, 2017. (in Serbian with an English summary).

Jaritz, Gerhard, and Katalin Szende, eds. Medieval East Central Europe in a Comparative Perspective: From Frontier Zones to Lands in Focus. London: Routledge, 2016.

Matić, M. Serbian Icon Painting in the Age of the Renewed Patriarchate of Peć 1557-1690. Belgrade: Serbian National Committe of Byzantine Studies ; Službeni Glasnik ; Institute for Byzantine studies 2017. (in Serbian with an English summary).

Marković, Miodrag. Saint Niketas near Skopje. A Foundation of King Milutin. Belgrade: Službeni glasnik, 2015. (in Serbian with an English summary)

Miljković, B. Miracle-working Icon in Byzantium. Belgrade, 2017. (in Serbian with an English summary).

Otašević, D., I. Špadijer, and Z. Rakić, eds. The World of Serbian Manuscripts (12 –17 Century). Belgrade: Serbian Academy for the Sciences and Arts, 2016. (In Serbian and English)

Popović, D., and D. Vojvodić. Byzantine Heritage and Serbian Art, I-III. Belgrade: Serbian Academy for the Sciences and Arts, 2016. (in Serbian and English)

Starodubcev, T. A. Serbian Wall Painting in the Lands of the Lazarević and the Branković Dynasties, I-II (Belgrade:  Univerzitet u Beogradu, Filozofski fakultet, Institut za istoriju umetnosti, 2016) (in Serbian with an English summary).

Sullivan, Alice Isabella. “The Athonite Patronage of Stephen III of Moldavia, 1457-1504.” Speculum 94, no. 1 (2019): 1-46.

Sullivan, Alice Isabella. “Visions of Byzantium: The Siege of Constantinople in Sixteenth-Century Moldavia.” The Art Bulletin 99, no. 4 (December 2017): 31-68.

Cyprus

Rogge, Sabine, and Michael Grünbart. Medieval Cyprus: A Place of Cultural Encounter. Münster: Waxmann Verlag, 2015.

Grivaud, Gilles, and Giorgos Tolias, eds. Cyprus at the Crossroads: Geographical Perceptions and Representations from the Fifteenth Century. Selected papers from the 1st International Conference on the Greek world in Travel Accounts and Maps, Cyprus at the Crossroads of Travellers and Mapmakers from the 15th to 20th Century, 18 - 20 October 2012, Museum of Cycladic Art, Athens. Athens: AdVenture SA, 2014.

Stewart, Charles Anthony, ed. Cyprus and the Balance of Empires: Art and Archaeology from Justinian I to the Coeur de Lion. Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research, 2014.

Iberian Peninsula

Anderson, Glaire. “A Mother’s Gift? Astrology and the Pyxis of Al-Mughira.” Journal of Medieval History. Special Issue: ‘Me Fecit.’ Making Medieval Art (History) 42, no. 1 (Jan. 2016): 107-130.

Anderson, Glaire D. “Sovereignty and the Materiality of Caliphal Encounters.” PMLA 130, no. 2 (Mar 2015): 393-401.

Dodds, Jerrilyn D., María Menocal, and Abigail Balbale. The Arts of Intimacy: Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Making of Castilian Culture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.

Ecker, H. “The Great Mosque of Córdoba in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries.” Muqarnas 20 (2003): 113-141.

Irish, Maya Soifer. “Beyond ‘Convivencia:’ Critical Reflections on the Historiography of Interfaith Relations in Christian Spain.” Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies 1, no. 1 (2009): 19-35.

Khoury, N. “The Meaning of the Great Mosque of Cordoba in the Tenth Century,” Muqarnas 13 (1996): 80-98.

Luyster, Amanda. “Cross-Cultural Style in the Alhambra: Textiles, Identity and Origins.” Medieval Encounters 14 (2008): 341-367.

Mann, Vivian B., Thomas F. Glick, and Jerrilynn D. Dodds, eds. Convivencia: Jews, Muslims, and Christians in Medieval Spain. Exh. cat. New York: G. Braziller in association with the Jewish Museum, 1992.

Nickson, Tom. “Texts and Talismans in Medieval Castile.” Art in Translation 7, no. 1 (2015): 9-38.

Nickson, Tom. “‘Sovereignty Belongs to God’: Text, Ornament, and Magic in Islamic and Christian Seville.” Art History 38, no. 5 (2015): 838-861.

Nickson, Tom. Toledo Cathedral: Building Histories in Medieval Castile. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2015.

Patton, Pamela A. “An Ethiopian-Headed Serpent in the Cantigas de Santa María: Sin, Sex, and Color in Late Medieval Castile.” Gesta 55, no. 2 (2016): 213-238.

Patton, Pamela A. “Demons and Diversity in León.” Medieval Encounters 25 (2019): 150-179.

Robinson, Cynthia, and Leyla Rouhi. Under the Influence: Questioning the Comparative in Medieval Castile. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2005.

Feliciano, María Judith. “Muslim Shrouds for Christian Kings? A Reassessment of Andalusi Textiles in Thirteenth-Century Castilian Life and Ritual.” In Under the Influence: Questioning the Comparative in Medieval Castile, 101-131. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2005.

Rosser-Owen, M. “Islamic Objects in Christian Contexts: Relic Translation and Modes of Transfer in Medieval Iberia.” Art in Translation 7, no. 1 (2015): 39-64.

Ruggles, D. Fairchild. Gardens, Landscape, and Vision in the Palaces of Islamic Spain. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 2000.

Ruggles, D. Fairchild. “Ideologizing the Past.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 45, no. 3 (Aug 2013): 574-577.

Ruiz Souza, J. C. “Castile and al-Andalus After 1212: Assimilation and Integration of Andalusi Architecture.” Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies 4, no. 1 (March 2012): 125-134.

Prado-Vilar, Francisco. “Circular Visions of Fertility and Punishment: Caliphal Ivory Caskets from al-Andalus.” Muqarnas 14 (1997): 19-41.

Italian Peninsula (primarily southern)

Balafrej, Lamia. “Saracen or Pisan? The Use and Meaning of the Pisa Griffin on the Duomo.” Ars Orientalis 42 (2012): 31-40.

Bodner, Neta. “The Baptistery of Pisa and the Rotunda of the Holy Sepulchre: A Reconsideration.” In Visual Constructs of Jerusalem, edited by Bianca Kuehnel, Galit Noga-Banai, and Hanna Vorholt, 95-105. Turnhout: Brepols, 2014.

Contadini, Anna and Camber, R. and Northover, P. “Beasts That Roared: The Pisa Griffin and the New York Lion.” In Cairo to Kabul. Afghan and Islamic Studies Presented to Ralph Pinder-Wilson, edited by W. Ball and L. Harrow, 65-83. London: Melisende, 2002.

Dell’Acqua, Francesca, Anthony Cutler, Herbert L. Kessler, Avinoam Shalem, and Gerhard Wolf, eds. The Salerno Ivories: Objects, Histories, Contexts. Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag, 2016.

Glass, Dorothy F. Romanesque Sculpture in Campania: Patrons, Programs, and Style. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 1991.

Safran, Linda. The Medieval Salento: Art and Identity in Southern Italy. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014.

Mathews, Karen Rose. Conflict, Commerce, and an Aesthetic of Appropriation in the Italian Maritime Cities, 1000-1150. Leiden: Brill, 2018

Mathews, Karen. “Other People’s Dishes: Islamic Bacini on Eleventh-Century Churches in Pisa.” Gesta 53, no. 1 (2014): 5-23.

Jewish Diaspora, Anti-Judaism, Antisemitism

Kathleen Biddick. “Paper Jews: Inscription/Ethnicity/Ethnography.” Art Bulletin 76 (1996): 594-599.

Cohen, Adam S. “The Multisensory Haggadah.” In Les cinq sens au Moyen Age, edited by Eric Palazzo, 305-331. Paris: Editions du Cerf, 2016.

Epstein, Marc Michael. Dreams of Subversion in Medieval Jewish Art. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997.

Epstein, Marc Michael. The Medieval Haggadah: Art, Narrative, and Religious Imagination. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011.

Frojmovic, Eva. “Jewish Scribes and Christian Illuminators: Interstitial Encounters and Cultural Negotiation.” In Between Judaism and Christianity: Art Historical Essays in Honor of Elisheva (Elisabeth) Revel-Neher, edited by Katrin Kogman-Appel and Mati Meyer, 281-305. Leiden: Brill, 2009.

Kogman-Appel, K. “Coping with Christian Pictorial Sources: What Did Jewish Miniaturists Not Paint?” Speculum 75, no. 4 (2000): 816-868.

Kogman-Appel, Katrin. Jewish Book Art Between Islam and Christianity: The Decoration of Hebrew Bibles in Medieval Spain. Leiden: Brill, 2004.

Kogman-Appel, Katrin. Illuminated Haggadot from Spain. Biblical Imagery and the Passover Holiday. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2006.

Lipton, Sara. Dark Mirror: The Medieval Origins of Anti-Jewish Iconography. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2014.

Milstein, Rachel, “Hebrew Book Illumination in the Fatimid Era.” In L’Égypte Fatimide: son art et son histoire. Actes du colloeuq organisé à Paris les 28, 29, et 30 mai 1998, edited by Marianne Barrucand, 429-440. Paris: Presses de l'université de Paris-Sorbonne.

Patton, Pamela. Art of Estrangement: Redefining Jews in Medieval Spain. University Park, PA: Penn State Press, 2012.

Revel-Neher, Elisheva. The Image of the Jew in Byzantine Art. Oxford: Pergamon, 1992.

Rowe, Nina. The Jew, the Cathedral, and the Medieval City: Synagoga and Ecclesia in the Thirteenth Century. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Rubin, Miri. “Imagining the Jew: The Late Medieval Eucharistic Discourse.” In In and Out of the Ghetto: Jewish-Gentile Relations in Late Medieval and Early Modern Germany, edited by R. Po-Chia Hsia and Hartmut Lehmann, 177-208. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Wolfthal, Diane. Picturing Yiddish: Gender, Identity, and Memory in Illustrated Yiddish Books. Leiden: Brill, 2004.

Wolfthal, Diane Bette. “Complicating Medieval Anti-Semitism: The Role of Class in Two Tales of Christian Violence against Jews.” Gesta 55 (2016): 105-127.

Kievan Rus’ and Muscovy

Beljaev, Leonid A. “Andrej Rublev: The Invention of a Biography.” In L’artista a Bisanzio e nelmondocristiano-orientale, edited by Michele Bacci, 117-134. Pisa: Scuola Normale Superiore, 2007.

Boeck, Elena. “Simulating the Hippodrome: The Performance of Power in Kiev’s St. Sophia.” The Art Bulletin 91, No. 3 (2009): 283-301.

Brumfield, William. A History of Russian Architecture. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Gasper-Hulvat, Marie E. “The Icon as Performer and as Performative Utterance: The Sixteenth–century Vladimir Mother of God in the Moscow Dormition Cathedral.” RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics 57/58 (2010): 174-185.

Kleimola, Ann. “Regulating Icon Painters in the Era of the Ulozhenie: Evidence from the Russian North.” Russian History 34, no. 1 (2007): 341-363.

Kriza, Ágnes. “The Russian Gnadenstuhl.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 79 (2016): 79-130.

Kriza, Ágnes. “Legitimizing the Rublev Trinity: Byzantine Iconophile Arguments in Medieval Russian Debates over the Representation of the Divine.” Byzantinoslavica 74 (2016): 134-152.

Melnik, Gregory. An Icon Painter’s Notebook: The Bolshakov Edition (An Anthology of Source Materials). Torrance, CA: Oakwood Publications, 1995.

Pevny, Olenka Z. “Dethroning the Prince: Princely Benefaction and Female Patronage in Medieval Kyiv.” Harvard Ukrainian Studies 29, no. 1 (2007): 61-108.

Tarasov, Oleg. Icon and Devotion: Sacred Spaces in Imperial Russia. Translated by Robin Milner-Gulland. London: Reaktion, 2002.

Mediterranean as Region

Abulafia, David. The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Hoffman, Eva R. Late Antique and Medieval Art of the Mediterranean. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Horden, Peregrine, and Sharon Kinoshita. A Companion to Mediterranean History. Wiley Blackwell Companions to World History. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014.

Kinoshita, Sharon. “Re-viewing the Eastern Mediterranean.” postmedieval: a journal of medieval cultural studies 2, no. 3 (2011): 369-385.

Mongol Empire

De Nicola, Bruno. Women in Mongol Iran: The Khātūns, 1206-1335. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017.

Hillenbrand, Robert. “Propaganda in the Mongol ‘World History’.” British Academy Review, issue 17 (March 2011).

Melville, Charles. “Anatolia under the Mongols.” In The Cambridge History of Turkey vol. 1 Byzantium to Turkey, 1071-1453, edited by Kate Fleet, 51-101. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Shea, Eiren L. “Painted Silks: Form and Production of Women’s Court Dress in the Mongol Empire.” The Textile Museum Journal 45 (2018): 36-55.

Shea, Eiren L. “The Mongol Cultural Legacy in East and Central Asia: The Early Ming and Timurid Courts.” Ming Studies 78 (September 2018): 32-56.

Sicily

Johns, Jeremy. Arabic Administration in Norman Sicily: The Royal Dīwān. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Johns, Jeremy. “Arabic Inscriptions in the Capella Palatina: Performativity, Audience, and Illegibility.” In Viewing Inscription in the Late Antique and Medieval Mediterranean, edited by Antony Eastmond, 124-147. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2015.

Johns, Jeremy. “Diversity by Design.” Apollo 183, no. 643 (2016): 80-85.

Malette, Karla. “Translating Sicily.” Medieval Encounters 9, no. 1 (2003): 140-163.

Nicklies, Charles E. “Builders, Patrons, and Identity: The Domed Basilicas of Sicily and Calabria.” Gesta 43 (2004): 99-114.

Tronzo, William. “The Medieval Object-Enigma, and the Problem of the Cappella Palatina in Palermo.” In Late Antique and Medieval Art of the Mediterranean, edited by Eva Hoffman, 367-388. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

West Asia, incl. Crusader States

Badamo, Heather. “Mobile Meanings: A Global Approach to a Dagger from Greater Syria.” The Medieval Globe 3, no. 2 (2017): 149-176.

Boehm, Barbara, and Melanie Holcomb. Jerusalem, 1000-1400: Every People Under Heaven. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016.

Brey, Alexander. Al-Walid's Baths at Qusayr Amra

Carr, Annemarie Weyl. “Iconography and Identity: Syrian Elements in the Art of Crusader Cyprus.” Church History and Religious Culture 98, no. 1-3 (2009): 127-151.

Ehrlich, M. “Crusaders Castles‚ the Fourth Generation: Reflections on Frankish Castle-Building Policy During the 13th Century.” Journal of Medieval History 29, no. 2 (2003): 85-93.

Fowden, Elizabeth Key. “Sharing Holy Places.” Common Knowledge 8, no. 1 (2002): 124-146.

Georgopoulou, Maria. “Geography, Cartography and the Architecture of Power in the Mosaics of the Great Mosque of Damascus.” In The Built Surface, edited by Christy Anderson, 47-74. Aldershot, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2002.

Georgopoulou, Maria. “Fine Commodities in the Thirteenth-Century Mediterranean. The Genesis of a Common Aesthetic.” In Lateinisch-Griechisch-Arabische Begegnungen, edited by Margit Mersch and Ulrike Ritzerfeld, 63-90. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2009.

Göloğlu, Sabiha. Touching Mecca & Medina: The Dalā'il al-Khayrāt and Devotional Practices 

Gruber, Christiane. A Safavid Painting of the Prophet Muhammad's Mi‘raj 

Guidetti, Mattia. “Churches Attracting Mosques: Religious Architecture in Early Islamic Syria.” In Sacred Precincts: The Religious Architecture of Non-Muslim Communities across the Islamic World, edited by Mohammad Gharipour, 11-27. Leiden: Brill, 2015.

Hoffman, Eva. “Christian-Islamic Encounters on Thirteenth-Century Ayyubid Metalwork: Local Culture, Authenticity and Memory.” Gesta 43, no. 2 (2004): 129-142.

Immerzeel, Mat. “Holy Horsemen and Crusader Banners. Equestrian Saints in Wall Paintings in Lebanon and Syria.” Eastern Christian Art 1 (2004): 29-60.

Immerzeel, Mat. Identity Puzzles: Medieval Christian Art in Syria and Lebanon. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta. Leuven: Peeters, 2009.

Immerzeel, Mat. “Medieval Syrian Orthodox Church Decoration: Deir al-Surian and Deir Mar Musa.” In The Syriac Renaissance, edited by Herman Teule, Carmen Fotescu Tauwinkl, Bas ter Haar Romeny and Jan van Ginkel, 223-238. Walpole, MA: Peeters, 2010.

Kana‘an, Ruba. The Bobrinski Bucket

Leson, Richard. “A Constellation of Crusade: The Resafa Heraldry Cup and the Aspirations of Raoul I, Lord of Coucy.” In The Crusades and Visual Culture, edited by Elizabeth Lapina, Laura Whatley, April Morris, and Susanna Throop, 75-90. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2015.

Emma Loosley, The Architecture and Liturgy of the Bema in Fourth to Sixth-Century Syrian Churches. Leiden: Brill, 2012.

Mahoney, Lisa. “The Frankish Icon: Art and Devotion in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem.” In The Crusades and Visual Culture, edited by Elizabeth Lapina, April Jehan Morris, Susanna A. Throop and Laura J. Whatley, 15-34. London and New York: Routledge, 2015.

Mahoney, Lisa. “The Church of the Nativity and ‘Crusader’ Kingship.” In Crusading in Art, Thought, and Will, edited by Matthew E. Parker, Ben Halliburton, and Anne Romine, 9-36. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2019.

Mostafa, Heba. Dome of the Rock: Original Mosaics

Sardar, Marika. A Samanid Epigraphic Dish

Sardar, Marika. The Gwalior Qur'an

Seidel, Linda. “Images of the Crusades in Western Art: Models as Metaphors.” In The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange between East and West During the Period of the Crusades, edited by Vladimir P. Goss, 377-391. Kalamazoo, MI: Medieval Institute Publications, 1986.

Snelders, Bas. “From Cyprus to Syria and Back Again: Artistic Interaction in the Medieval Levant.” Eastern Christian Art 9 (2012-2013): 79-106.

Tabbaa, Yasser. “Monuments with a Message: Propagation of Jihād under Nūr A-Dīn (1146–1174).” In The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange between East and West during the Period of the Crusades, edited by Vladimir P. Goss, 223-240. Kalamazoo, MI: Medieval Institute Publications, 1986.

Weiss, Daniel H. and Lisa Mahoney, eds. France and the Holy Land: Frankish Culture at the End of the Crusades. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004.

Wolper, Sara E. “Khidr and the Politics of Translation in Mosul: Mar Behnam, St George, and Khidr Ilyas.” In Sacred Precincts: The Religious Architecture of Non-Muslim Communities across the Islamic World, edited by Mohammad Gharipour, 11-27. Leiden: Brill, 2015.

THE GLOBAL MIDDLE AGES IN MUSEUMS AND COLLECTING

Critical examinations of Museums, Colonialism, and Racism

Basu, Paul. “Object Diasporas, Resourcing Communities: Sierra Leonean Collections in the Global Museumscape.” Museum Anthropology 34, no. 1 (2011): 28-42.

Graham, Brian, G. J. Ashworth, and J. E. Tunbridge. A Geography of Heritage: Power, Culture and Economy. London: Arnold Press, 2000.

Mack, John. “Preserving the Cultural History of Africa: Crisis or Renaissance?” In Museums and Objects as Memory Sites, edited by Kenji Yoshia and John Mack, 13-26. Suffolk: James Currey; Unisa Press, 2008.

Takezawa, Shoichiro. “Ethnological Museums & the (Un)Making of History.” In Museums and Objects as Memory Sites, edited by Kenji Yoshia and John Mack, 187-198. Suffolk: James Currey; Unisa Press, 2008.

Selected Recent Museum Exhibition Websites and Other Online Resources Advancing Awareness of a Global Middle Ages and Anti-Racist Work in Medieval Art History

For exhibition catalogues, see topical sections above.

Exhibition: Caravans of Gold, Fragments in Time: Art, Culture, and Exchange across Medieval Saharan Africa https://www.blockmuseum.northwestern.edu/exhibitions/2019/caravans-of-gold,-fragments-in-time-art,-culture,-and-exchange-across-medieval-saharan-africa.html

Exhibition: Sahel: Art and Empires on the Shores of the Sahara
https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2020/sahel-art-empire-sahara

Exhibition: Medieval Monsters: Terrors, Aliens, Wonders
https://www.themorgan.org/exhibitions/medieval-monsters

Exhibition: Woven Interiors: Furnishing Early Medieval Egypt
https://museum.gwu.edu/woveninteriors

Exhibition: Balthazar: An African King
https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/balthazar/

Exhibition: Outcasts: Prejudice and Persecution in the Medieval World
https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/outcasts/index.html

Exhibition: Pathways to Paradise: Medieval India and Europe https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/pathways_paradise/

Exhibition: Traversing the Globe through Illuminated Manuscripts https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/globe/

Online Resource: African Scribes: Manuscript Culture of Ethiopia https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2018/02/african-scribes-manuscript-culture-of-ethiopia.html

Online Resource: Dumbarton Oaks Textile Catalog (with essays) https://www.doaks.org/resources/textiles

Online Resource: The Gold Road: Information and Teaching Resources https://cfas.howard.edu/gold-road/teaching-resources

Online Resource: The Timbouctou Manuscripts Project https://www.tombouctoumanuscripts.org/

Online Resource: The Polonsky Foundation Digitization Project http://bav.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/

Online Resource: Hagia Sophia: The History of the Building and the Building in History

Online Resource: Hill Museum & Manuscript Library (esp. Reading Room feature) http://hmml.org/

Online Resource: Humanities in Class Digital Library (lesson plans for teaching global medieval art history)

Online Resource: http://syriaca.org/

Online Resource: Crossing Frontiers: Christians and Muslims and their art in Eastern Anatolia and the Caucasus https://sites.courtauld.ac.uk/crossingfrontiers/?_ga=2.160270781.1480282712.1592261452-545101273.1592261452

Online Resource: North of Byzantium https://www.northofbyzantium.org/